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gRPC-Gateway

Customizing OpenAPI Output

In proto comments

You can provide comments directly in your Protocol Buffer definitions and they will be translated into comments in the generated OpenAPI definitions:

message MyMessage {
  // This comment will end up direcly in your Open API definition
  string uuid = 1 [(grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {description: "The UUID field."}];
}

You can disable this behavior and exclude all protobuf comments from OpenAPI output via the ignore_comments option.

Using proto options

You can define options on your Protocol Buffer services, operations, messages, and field definitions to customize your Open API output. For instance, to customize the OpenAPI Schema Object for messages and fields:

import "protoc-gen-openapiv2/options/annotations.proto";

message ABitOfEverything {
    option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_schema) = {
        json_schema: {
            title: "A bit of everything"
            description: "Intentionaly complicated message type to cover many features of Protobuf."
            required: ["uuid", "int64_value", "double_value"]
        }
        external_docs: {
            url: "https://github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway";
            description: "Find out more about ABitOfEverything";
        }
        example: "{\"uuid\": \"0cf361e1-4b44-483d-a159-54dabdf7e814\"}"
        extensions: {
            key: "x-irreversible";
            value {
                bool_value: true;
            }
        }
    };

    string uuid = 1 [(grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {description: "The UUID field."}];
}

Operations can also be customized:

service ABitOfEverythingService {
   rpc Delete(grpc.gateway.examples.internal.proto.sub2.IdMessage) returns (google.protobuf.Empty) {
        option (google.api.http) = {
            delete: "/v1/example/a_bit_of_everything/{uuid}"
        };
        option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_operation) = {
            security: {
                security_requirement: {
                    key: "ApiKeyAuth";
                    value: {}
                }
                security_requirement: {
                    key: "OAuth2";
                    value: {
                        scope: "read";
                        scope: "write";
                    }
                }
            }
            extensions: {
                key: "x-irreversible";
                value {
                    bool_value: true;
                }
            }
        };
    }
}

Swagger Extensions can be added as key-value pairs to the options. Keys must begin with x- and values can be of any type listed here. For example:

extensions: {
  key: "x-amazon-apigateway-authorizer";
  value {
    struct_value {
      fields {
        key: "type";
        value {
          string_value: "token";
        }
      }
      fields {
        key: "authorizerResultTtlInSeconds";
        value {
          number_value: 60;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Please see this a_bit_of_everything.proto for examples of the options being used.

Using google.api.field_behavior

Google provides an field option for defining the behavior of fields that is also supported:

import "google/api/field_behavior.proto";

message MyMessage {
    string a_required_field = 1 [(google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];
}

The following options are used in the Open API output:

  • REQUIRED - marks a field as required
  • OUTPUT_ONLY - marks a field as readonly

Google defines a couple of other options - OPTIONAL, IMMUTABLE, INPUT_ONLY - that are not currently used. OPTIONAL support is currently under discussion in this issue.

For IMMUTABLE and INPUT_ONLY fields, there is an open issue in the Open API specification for adding functionality for write-once or immutable fields to the spec.

Using go templates in proto file comments

Use Go templates in your proto file comments to allow more advanced documentation such as:

  • Documentation about fields in the proto objects.
  • Import the content of external files (such as Markdown).

How to use it

By default this function is turned off, so if you want to use it you have to add the use_go_templates option:

--openapiv2_out . --openapiv2_opt use_go_templates=true

or:

--openapiv2_out=use_go_templates=true:.

Example script

Example of a bash script with the use_go_templates flag set to true:

$ protoc -I. \
    --go_out . --go-grpc_out . \
    --grpc-gateway_out . --grpc-gateway_opt logtostderr=true \
    --openapiv2_out . \
    --openapiv2_opt logtostderr=true \
    --openapiv2_opt use_go_templates=true \
    path/to/my/proto/v1/myproto.proto

Example proto file

Example of a proto file with Go templates. This proto file imports documentation from another file, tables.md:

service LoginService {
    // Login
    //
    // {{.MethodDescriptorProto.Name}} is a call with the method(s) {{$first := true}}{{range .Bindings}}{{if $first}}{{$first = false}}{{else}}, {{end}}{{.HTTPMethod}}{{end}} within the "{{.Service.Name}}" service.
    // It takes in "{{.RequestType.Name}}" and returns a "{{.ResponseType.Name}}".
    //
    // {{import "tables.md"}}
    rpc Login (LoginRequest) returns (LoginReply) {
        option (google.api.http) = {
            post: "/v1/example/login"
            body: "*"
        };
    }
}

message LoginRequest {
    // The entered username
    string username = 1;
    // The entered password
    string password = 2;
}

message LoginReply {
    // Whether you have access or not
    bool access = 1;
}

The content of tables.md:

## {{.RequestType.Name}}
| Field ID    | Name      | Type                                                       | Description                  |
| ----------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------  | ---------------------------- | {{range .RequestType.Fields}}
| {{.Number}} | {{.Name}} | {{if eq .Label.String "LABEL_REPEATED"}}[]{{end}}{{.Type}} | {{fieldcomments .Message .}} | {{end}}

## {{.ResponseType.Name}}
| Field ID    | Name      | Type                                                       | Description                  |
| ----------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | {{range .ResponseType.Fields}}
| {{.Number}} | {{.Name}} | {{if eq .Label.String "LABEL_REPEATED"}}[]{{end}}{{.Type}} | {{fieldcomments .Message .}} | {{end}}

OpenAPI output

SwaggerUI

This is how the OpenAPI file would be rendered in Swagger UI.

Screenshot OpenAPI file in SwaggerUI

Postman

This is how the OpenAPI file would be rendered in Postman.

Screenshot OpenAPI file in Postman

For a more detailed example of a proto file that has Go, templates enabled, see the examples.

Other plugin options

A comprehensive list of OpenAPI plugin options can be found here. Options can be passed via protoc CLI:

--openapiv2_out . --openapiv2_opt bar=baz,color=red

Or, with buf in buf.gen.yaml:

  - name: openapiv2
    out: foo
    opt: bar=baz,color=red

Merging output

If your protobuf definitions are spread across multiple files, the OpenAPI plugin will create a file for each .proto input. This may make sense for Go bindings, since they still share a package space, but fragmenting OpenAPI specifications across multiple files changes the schema itself.

To merge disparate .proto inputs into a single OpenAPI file, use the allow_merge and merge_file_name options.

opt: allow_merge=true,merge_file_name=foo will result in a single foo.swagger.json. Note that you may need to set the generation strategy to all when merging many files:

  - name: openapiv2
    out: foo
    strategy: all
    opt: allow_merge=true,merge_file_name=foo

Enums as integers

To generate enums as integers instead of strings, use enums_as_ints.

opt: enums_as_ints=true will result in:

{
    "name": "enumValue",
    "description": " - Example enums",
    "in": "query",
    "required": false,
    "type": "int",
    "enum": [
        0,
        1
    ],
    "default": 0
},

Omitting the default value of enums

If you define enum types with non default value such as declaring 0 value with UNKNOWN and want to omit the default value from generated swagger file, use omit_enum_default_value. This option also applies if enums_as_ints option is enalbled to generate enums as integer.

opt: omit_enum_default_value=true will result in:

Input Example:

enum enumValue {
    UNKNOWN = 0;
    FOO = 1;
}

Output json:

{
    "name": "enumValue",
    "description": " - Example enums",
    "in": "query",
    "required": false,
    "type": "string",
    "enum": [
        "FOO"
    ]
},

Hiding fields, methods, services and enum values

If you require internal or unreleased fields and APIs to be hidden from your API documentation, google.api.VisibilityRule annotations can be added to customize where they are generated. Combined with the option visibility_restriction_selectors, overlapping rules will appear in the OpenAPI output.

visibility_restriction_selectors can be declared multiple times as an option to include multiple visibility restrictions in the output. e.g. if you are using buf:

version: v1
plugins:
  - name: openapiv2
    out: .
    opt:
      - visibility_restriction_selectors=PREVIEW
      - visibility_restriction_selectors=INTERNAL

or with protoc

protoc --openapiv2_out=. --openapiv2_opt=visibility_restriction_selectors=PREVIEW --openapiv2_opt=visibility_restriction_selectors=INTERNAL ./path/to/file.proto

Elements without google.api.VisibilityRule annotations will appear as usual in the generated output.

These restrictions and selectors are completely arbitrary and you can define whatever values or hierarchies you want. In this example we use INTERNAL and PREVIEW, but INTERNAL, ALPHA, BETA, RELEASED, or anything else could be used if you wish.

Note: Annotations are only supported on Services, Methods, Fields and Enum Values.

opt: visibility_restriction_selectors=PREVIEW will result in:

Input Example:

service Echo {
    rpc EchoInternal(VisibilityRuleSimpleMessage) returns (VisibilityRuleSimpleMessage) {
        option (google.api.method_visibility).restriction = "INTERNAL";
        option (google.api.http) = {
            get: "/v1/example/echo_internal"
        };
    }
    rpc EchoInternalAndPreview(VisibilityRuleSimpleMessage) returns (VisibilityRuleSimpleMessage) {
        option (google.api.method_visibility).restriction = "INTERNAL,PREVIEW";
        option (google.api.http) = {
            get: "/v1/example/echo_internal_and_preview"
        };
    }
}

message VisibilityRuleSimpleMessage {
     enum VisibilityEnum {
          UNSPECIFIED = 0;
          VISIBLE = 1;
          INTERNAL = 2 [(google.api.value_visibility).restriction = "INTERNAL"];
          PREVIEW = 3 [(google.api.value_visibility).restriction = "INTERNAL,PREVIEW"];
     }

     string internal_field = 1 [(google.api.field_visibility).restriction = "INTERNAL"];
     string preview_field = 2 [(google.api.field_visibility).restriction = "INTERNAL,PREVIEW"];
     VisibilityEnum an_enum = 3;
}

Output json:

{
    "paths": {
        "/v1/example/echo_internal_and_preview": {
            "get": {
                "summary": "EchoInternalAndPreview is a internal and preview API that should be visible in the OpenAPI spec.",
                "operationId": "VisibilityRuleEchoService_EchoInternalAndPreview",
                "responses": {
                    "200": {
                        "description": "A successful response.",
                        "schema": {
                        "$ref": "#/definitions/examplepbVisibilityRuleSimpleMessage"
                        }
                    },
                    "default": {
                        "description": "An unexpected error response.",
                        "schema": {
                            "$ref": "#/definitions/rpcStatus"
                        }
                    }
                },
                "parameters": [
                    {
                        "name": "previewField",
                        "in": "query",
                        "required": false,
                        "type": "string"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "anEnum",
                        "in": "query",
                        "required": false,
                        "type": "string",
                        "enum": [
                            "UNSPECIFIED",
                            "VISIBLE",
                            "PREVIEW"
                        ],
                        "default": "UNSPECIFIED"
                    }
                ],
                "tags": [
                    "VisibilityRuleEchoService"
                ]
            }
        }
    }
}

For a more in depth example see visibility_rule_echo_service.proto and the following output files for different values of visibility_restriction_selectors:

Path parameters

When defining HTTP bindings with path parameters that contain multiple path segments, as suggested by the Google AIPs, the path parameter names are numbered to avoid generating duplicate paths in the OpenAPI file.

For example, consider:

service LibraryService {
  rpc GetShelf(GetShelfRequest) returns (Shelf) {
    option (google.api.http) = {
      get: "/v1/{name=shelves/*}"
    };
  }
  rpc GetBook(GetBookRequest) returns (Book) {
    option (google.api.http) = {
      get: "/v1/{name=shelves/*/books/*}"
    };
  }
}

message GetShelfRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

message GetBookRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

This will generate the following paths:

  • /v1/{name}
  • /v1/{name_1}

To override the path parameter names, annotate the field used as path parameter:

message GetShelfRequest {
  string name = 1 [(grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {field_configuration: {path_param_name: "shelfName"}}];
}
message GetBookRequest {
  string name = 1 [(grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {field_configuration: {path_param_name: "bookName"}}];
}

This will instead generate the following paths:

  • /v1/{shelfName}
  • /v1/{bookName}

Note that path parameters in OpenAPI does not support values with /, as discussed in Support for path parameters which can contain slashes #892, so tools as Swagger UI will URL encode any / provided as parameter value. A possible workaround for this is to write a custom post processor for your OAS file to replace any path parameter with / into multiple parameters.

Output format

By default the output format is JSON, but it is possible to configure it using the output_format option. Allowed values are: json, yaml. The output format will also change the extension of the output files.

For example, if using buf:

  - name: openapiv2
    out: pkg
    opt: output_format=yaml

Input example:

syntax = "proto3";

package helloproto.v1;
option go_package = "helloproto/v1;helloproto";

import "google/api/annotations.proto";

service EchoService {
    rpc Hello(HelloReq) returns (HelloResp) {
        option (google.api.http) = {
            get: "/api/hello"
        };
    }
}

message HelloReq {
    string name = 1;
}

message HelloResp {
    string message = 1;
}

Output:

swagger: "2.0"
info:
  title: helloproto/v1/example.proto
  version: version not set
tags:
- name: EchoService
consumes:
- application/json
produces:
- application/json
paths:
  /api/hello:
    get:
      operationId: EchoService_Hello
      responses:
        "200":
          description: A successful response.
          schema:
            $ref: '#/definitions/v1HelloResp'
        default:
          description: An unexpected error response.
          schema:
            $ref: '#/definitions/rpcStatus'
      parameters:
      - name: name
        in: query
        required: false
        type: string
      tags:
      - EchoService
definitions:
  protobufAny:
    type: object
    properties:
      '@type':
        type: string
    additionalProperties: {}
  rpcStatus:
    type: object
    properties:
      code:
        type: integer
        format: int32
      message:
        type: string
      details:
        type: array
        items:
          $ref: '#/definitions/protobufAny'
  v1HelloResp:
    type: object
    properties:
      message:
        type: string

Disable service tag generation

By default service tags are generated for backend services, but it is possible to disable it using the disable_service_tags option. Allowed values are: true, false.

For example, if you are using buf:

version: v1
plugins:
  - name: openapiv2
    out: .
    opt:
      - disable_service_tags=true

or with protoc

protoc --openapiv2_out=. --openapiv2_opt=disable_service_tags=true ./path/to/file.proto

Input example:

syntax = "proto3";

package helloproto.v1;
option go_package = "helloproto/v1;helloproto";

import "google/api/annotations.proto";

service EchoService {
    rpc Hello(HelloReq) returns (HelloResp) {
        option (google.api.http) = {
            get: "/api/hello"
        };
    }
}

message HelloReq {
    string name = 1;
}

message HelloResp {
    string message = 1;
}

Output (tags object are not generated):

swagger: "2.0"
info:
  title: helloproto/v1/example.proto
  version: version not set
consumes:
  - application/json
produces:
  - application/json
paths:
  /api/hello:
    get:
      operationId: EchoService_Hello

Disable default responses

By default a 200 OK response is rendered for each service operation. But it is possible to disable this and explicitly define your service’s responses, using the disable_default_responses option. Allowed values are: true, false.

Note: This does not alter the behavior of the gateway itself and should be coupled with a ForwardResponseWriter when altering status codes, see Controlling HTTP Response Codes.

For example, if you are using buf:

version: v1
plugins:
  - name: openapiv2
    out: .
    opt:
      - disable_default_responses=true

or with protoc

protoc --openapiv2_out=. --openapiv2_opt=disable_default_responses=true ./path/to/file.proto

Input example:

syntax = "proto3";

package helloproto.v1;

import "google/api/annotations.proto";
import "protoc-gen-openapiv2/options/annotations.proto";

option go_package = "helloproto/v1;helloproto";

service EchoService {
  rpc Hello(HelloReq) returns (HelloResp) {
    option (google.api.http) = {get: "/api/hello"};
    option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_operation) = {
      responses: {
        key: "201",
        value: {
          description: "Created";
          schema: {
            json_schema: {ref: ".helloproto.v1.HelloResp"}
          }
        }
      };
    };
  }
}

message HelloReq {
  string name = 1;
}

message HelloResp {
  string message = 1;
}

Output (default response not generated):

swagger: "2.0"
info:
  title: helloproto/v1/hello.proto
  version: version not set
consumes:
  - application/json
produces:
  - application/json
paths:
  /api/hello:
    get:
      operationId: EchoService_Hello
      responses:
        "201":
          description: Created
          schema:
            $ref: "#/definitions/v1HelloResp"
      parameters:
        - name: name
          in: query
          required: false
          type: string
definitions:
  v1HelloResp:
    type: object
    properties:
      message:
        type: string

Custom HTTP Header Request Parameters

By default the parameters for each operation are generated from the protocol buffer definition however you can extend the parameters to include extra HTTP headers if required.

NOTE: These annotations do not alter the behaviour of the gateway and must be coupled with custom header parsing behaviour in the application. Also be aware that adding header parameters can alter the forwards and backwards compatibility of the schema. You must also set a type for your header which can be one of STRING, INTEGER, NUMBER or BOOLEAN.

syntax = "proto3";

package helloproto.v1;

import "google/api/annotations.proto";
import "protoc-gen-openapiv2/options/annotations.proto";

option go_package = "helloproto/v1;helloproto";

service EchoService {
  rpc Hello(HelloReq) returns (HelloResp) {
    option (google.api.http) = {get: "/api/hello"};
    option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_operation) = {
      parameters: {
        headers: {
          name: "X-Foo";
          description: "Foo Header";
          type: STRING,
          required: true;
        };
        headers: {
          name: "X-Bar";
          description: "Bar Header";
          type: NUMBER,
        };
      };
    };
  }
}

message HelloReq {
  string name = 1;
}

message HelloResp {
  string message = 1;
}

Output:

swagger: "2.0"
info:
  title: helloproto/v1/hello.proto
  version: version not set
consumes:
  - application/json
produces:
  - application/json
paths:
  /api/hello:
    get:
      operationId: Hello
      responses:
        "200":
          description: A successful response.
          schema:
            $ref: "#/definitions/helloproto.v1.HelloResp"
      parameters:
        - name: name
          in: query
          required: false
          type: string
        - name: X-Foo
          description: Foo Header
          in: header
          required: true
          type: string
        - name: X-Bar
          description: Bar Header
          in: header
          required: false
          type: number
definitions:
  helloproto.v1.HelloResp:
    type: object
    properties:
      message:
        type: string

Ignore comments

If you want to exclude all protobuf comments (such as // buf:lint:ignore) from OpenAPI output, use the ignore_comments option. Allowed values are: true, false.

Note: ignore_comments and use_go_templates are mutually exclusive and cannot be enabled at the same time.

If you are using buf:

version: v1
plugins:
  - name: openapiv2
    out: .
    opt:
      - ignore_comments=true

or with protoc:

protoc --openapiv2_out=. --openapiv2_opt=ignore_comments=true ./path/to/file.proto

Removing internal comments

If you want to remove internal comments from the from OpenAPI output (such as TODO and FIXME directives) you can use the remove_internal_comments option. If set to true, this will remove all comment text located between (-- and --) as per AIP 192: Internal comments.

Preserve RPC Path Order

By default, generated Swagger files emit paths found in proto files in alphabetical order. If you would like to preserve the order of emitted paths to mirror the path order found in proto files, you can use the preserve_rpc_order option. If set to true, this option will ensure path ordering is preserved for Swagger files with both json and yaml formats.

This option will also ensure path ordering is preserved in the following scenarios:

  1. When using additional bindings, paths will preserve their ordering within an RPC.
  2. When using multiple services, paths will preserve their ordering between RPCs in the whole protobuf file.
  3. When merging protobuf files, paths will preserve their ordering depending on the order of files specified on the command line.

preserve_rpc_order can be passed via the protoc CLI:

protoc --openapiv2_out=. --openapiv2_opt=preserve_rpc_order=true ./path/to/file.proto

Or, with buf in buf.gen.yaml:

version: v1
plugins:
  - name: openapiv2
    out: .
    opt:
      - preserve_rpc_order=true